Geocoding is the process of transforming a description of a location—such as a pair of coordinates, an address, or a name of a place—to a location on the earth's surface. You can geocode by entering one location description at a time or by providing many of them at once in a table. Source: ESRI
Latitude is an angle (defined below) which ranges from 0° at the Equator to 90° (North or South) at the poles. Lines of constant latitude, or parallels, run east–west as circles parallel to the equator. Latitude is used together with longitude to specify the precise location of features on the surface of the Earth. Source: Wikipedia
Longitude is a geographic coordinate that specifies the east-west position of a point on the Earth's surface. Source: Wikipedia
on the Earth's surface. Source: Wikipedia
Geographic coordinate system - Longitude lines are perpendicular and latitude lines are parallel to the equator. A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system that enables every location on the Earth to be specified by a set of numbers or letters, or symbols.