Copyright is complicated. The U.S. Copyright Office, the federal agency in the United States charged with maintaining copyright registrations, has a whole page explaining What is Copyright?
That page describes copyright as protecting "original works of authorship" including not just written works but also music and paintings. We usually think of protecting the rights of copyright owners but copyright law includes rights for users, too.
"Protecting" roughly means, "I created this and it is mine."
Colleen Lyon from the Libraries staff shares copyright information through a set of library guides. This is a good place to learn more: