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This article proposes web scraping as a way to gather generalized information on populations when the group is rare or available data is incomplete.
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This paper surveys the utility of web scraping as a tool for developing psychological research in a more naturalistic environment than a lab study. It discusses possible shortcomings, as well as the potential use as a method for developing testable hypotheses.
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Increasingly politicians rely on web scraping to assess the inscrutable will of their constituents to inform their policy and campaign decisions. In this paper, Ulbricht examines the shortcomings of this approach, discussing the biases it creates and the technocratic connotations.

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